Not open to students who elect this as concentration in the MA in History Upon completion of this certificate students will be able to: Explain and assess the medieval church and rise of the Renaissance papacy; growth of humanism, city-states and monarchies of the Holy Roman Empire; religious upheavals; and the Catholic Reformation. Distinguish the major social, political and cultural changes of the Enlightenment in Europe from the death of Louis XIV to the fall of Napoleon. Discern the origins of World War I in Europe and assess the combatants, strategy and tactics, technological innovation; war in France; war at sea; the peace settlement; and the occupation. Compare and contrast the economies, industry, society and culture of the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Germany during World War II. Assess modern European history since the Congress of Vienna to include social, economic, cultural and political experiences common to Europe; developments sharply differentiated from those in most other parts of the world.
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